Plasticizing hydraulic cement



i 106. COMPOSITIONS, Exammd L 91 Com? Q BLA Patented Nov. 1, 1932 U I i I 1 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHARLES E. KBAUS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB TO SIALCO, INCORPORATED, A CORPORATION OF YORK PLASTICIZING HYDRAULIC CEMENT Ho Drawing. Application filed February 23, 1923, Serial No. 620,830. Renewed December 19, 1930.

This invention relates to improvements in earth is first mixed with water or alkaline hydraulic cements or mortars such for insolution such as a saturated lime water solustance as Portland cement, plaster of Paris, tion and then added to the quick lime during lime mortars, etc., and it also relates to imthe process of hydration. Where the ingredi- 5 provement of substances from which such cuts are mixed dry the bentonite is reduced cements or mortars are formed, as for instance to a powdered condition and added to the hydrat d lime, hydrated lime or the quick lime before hydra- It is the main object of the present invention, with which it is thoroughly mixed so as tion to improve the plasticity, working qualito produce a substantially homogeneous mass.

10 ties, spread, drying strength and capacity The bentonite has the capacity for absorbfor carrying inert non-setting matter, of the ing many times its weight of water so that if materials as indicated. the ingredients are mixed dry the water added Other and ancillary objects of the invenbe absorbed to a large extent by the hention will appear hereinafter. tonite thereby depriving the settable mate- I r i t th invention I mploy a rial of water required for crystallization and highl c 11 da1 arth u h a bentonite so retard the setting and furthermore when ehren rgite, damonterolite or M the material dries out the shrinkage is liable lonite or other minerals so treated as to asto Cause distortion and crackin sume a colloidal or jelly-like form, the earths I v discovered ha these disadvantages m named consistin in the greater part of col- 0f he hentonite may be greatly reduced, if loidal matter and containing a percentage of {1013 lrely avoided, by treating the bentonsuch matter far in excess of rdmary clays or lte before 01' after it is added 130 the lime 01' earths, other earths containing a sufficient other settable material SO that the capacity 0f amount of colloidal matter might be emthe bentonite fOI' BbSOIblDg water is greatly 25 Ployed, reduced, and it is caused to be in a hydrated With regard to hydrated lime it is well fl n ltlon but occupying much less space than known that the hi h calcium lime does not I occupied by the normally hydrated benpossess th fim 'fi'mmi la tonite. This condition of the bentonite is ticity, spread &c., that the high magnesia lime brought by adding some substance such as an 13 possesses so that th hi 11 Calciu li i r acid or an alkali to a mixture of the bentoim' so stricted in its uses 8.1M? is unsatisfactory in n Water whereby the bentonite will 5 emany cases. By the present method the high clplfated in a. qpggulent mass. This Eoccalcium lime is improved in plasticity, workon a e mass 0 entomte w 1c is precipiing qualities, spread, drying strength and tated contains a certain degree of water but as car 'ng capacity for inert non-setting matter much less than would be normally absorbed so t at the high calcium lime may be used by the bentonite when mixed with water, and with as great satisfaction as the high magapparently this precipitated bentonite has no nesia lime, and the hi h magnesia lime itself further capacity for absorbing water and the may be improved in t e roperties indicated mass of this precipitated bentonite is less 40 by the process. A remar able feature of the than one-third of the vo me f the no m ly invention is the small percentage of colloidal hydrated bentonite. earth required to produce the results. The This action of precipitating the bentonite colloidal earth such as bentonite may be addout of solution as described and thus bringing ed to the lime after it has passed the calcining it into the condition of reduced capacity for -5 furnace and during the process of hydration water absorption and reduced volume on or after the lime has been hydrated and hydration I term herein as flocculating the ound, or to the nick lime as it leaves the bentonite. The flocculating of the benurnace and before ydration. In the case of tonite having been accomplished in a solumixing the colloidal earth with the lime durtion separate from the lime, the whole mixing the process of hydration, the colloidal ture may be poured into the lime during the hydration when the fiocculated matter will ite has been mixed with the hydraulic cement function to improve the mixture as before reby adding the flocculating reagent to the mixferred to while the remainder of the solution ture of bentonite with the material to be will simply add water to the ingredients. At plasticized. any stage of the proceeding, however, where While the addition of bentonite or similar it is desired to add the fiocculated material colloidal earth is to advantage above indithis may be accomplished not only by precated, it has been found that if the percentage viously effecting the flocculation as just reof bentonite or other colloidal earth in the ferred to but the bentonite may be added to mixture exceeds ten per cent of the cements the mixture either dry or powdered or prethe action is not beneficial but deleterious. viously hydrated and then the alkallne I Good results have been obtained by the acid precipitating or flocculating reagent following: added (30 the mixture With suflicient water t0 Saturated lime solution, bentonite and produce the desired results, or the flocculat- Portland cement have been employed in the ing reagent may be contained in the mixture proportions of 30 c. c. saturated solution of so that it is unnecessary to add it. The flOC- lime water 2 grams of en 0111 e, grams 0 culating reagent then performs the flocculattl 1 t th li water d b ing functions in the mixture instead of the tonlte being first mixed together and floccubentonite being added after the fioc g lation or precipitation allowed to occur and operation has been performed. Good results th are th dd d t th P -th d cement have been obtained by the following: which may be employed in any of the ways in Saturated lime solution, bentonlte and hyhi h h t i l i d drated high calcium lim are e p y 111 the Good results have been obtained in the use pI'OPOI'tlOIlS Of C- C. Of saturated 111118 water of plaster of Paris employing saturated Solution 2 grams of hen 0m 9 an 8 grams lime water solution, bentonite and plaster of of hydrated hi h calcium llme. the bentonite Paris in proportions of 45 c. c. of lime water and SOllltlOIl being mixe together and 2 gran s of bentonite and grams of};- aster flocculation or precipitation allowed to occur f P i tfi h water d b t it m and then the mixture of lime water and henfirst mixed together and precipitation altOIlite is added to the hydrated hlgh calclum lowed to take place after which the mixture is lime and the mixture may then e emp y added to the plaster of Paris which may then for any of the uses to which hydrated lime b d i any f th Various ways Oth may be put. mixtures may be formed in the various ways In regard to L lz as indicated above to fulfill the requirements of Paris. lime mortars an o er slim a 1113- of each particular case as will be apparent to eria ieir se ing s rength, plast1c1ty,w0rkth kill d i th t, ing qualities and capacity for carrying inert While the invention has been illustrated in non-setting matter, such as gravel, san what are considered its best applications it linker, 8%, may be improved by the CO lO may be varied in these details from the explasticizing minerals above referred and amples 'ven and so is not limited to the by a treatment similar to that m v d H1 0011- details 0 the illustrative examples recited. nection with lime. The bentonite or other Wh t I l i i colloidal earth may be added to the cement 1. A reagent for cements and plasters, co either in powdered form or mlxed W1th W sisting of fiocculated bentonite in an alkaline ter, the ingredients being thoroughly mixed olution, so that the mass may be as nearly homogene- 2. A reagent for cements and plasters, conous as possible or colloidal earth may be suhsistin of fiocculated bentonite. jected to flocculation as before described, as 3. reagent for cements and plasters, confor instance by employing an alkaline solusisting of a mass of bentonite precipitated tion such as a solution of caustic soda or sodium sillcate. Where the ingredients are mixe in a dry condition the bentonite or other colloidal substance is reduced to a powdered condition and added to the hydraulic cement or other material after it has left the calcining furnace either before the material is ground or after. Where the colloidal earth is added to the hydraulic cements or other materials in a moist condition, the bentonite or other highly colloidal earth is mixed with the water but, where desired, with the flocculating solution and added to the cement at the time of making it ready for use. Also the flocculating of the bentonite or other colloidal earth may be brought about after the bentonfrom an emulsion.

4. A reagent for cements and plasters, consisting of a mass of bentonite and a flocculating agent.

5. A reagent for cements and plasters, consisting of a mass of colloidal earth and a flocculating agent.

6. A hydrating reagent for cements and plasters, consisting of bentonite and water, together with a flocculating agent.

The method of plasticizing cement compounds which consists in adding to the substantially dry cement a. mass of fiocculated bentonite.

8. The method of plasticizing cement compounds which consists in adding to the sub- 106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

Examina' 

